Posted in info on July 28, 2009|
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Chiari malformation is a condition in which brain tissue protrudes into your spinal canal. It occurs when part of your skull is abnormally small or misshapen, pressing on your brain and forcing it downward. When the cerebellum is pushed into the upper spinal canal, it can interfere with the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that protects your brain and spinal cord. This impaired circulation of CSF can lead to the blockage of signals transmitted from your brain to your body, or to a buildup of spinal fluid in the brain or spinal cord. Alternatively, the pressure from the cerebellum upon the spinal cord or lower brain stem can cause neurological signs or symptoms.
Chiari malformation is diagnosed when the cerebellum herniates 3-5 mm below the cisterna magna (horizontal line “A”); typically the cerebral tonsils are 0-3mm above it. Point B on the illustration shows where the chiari measurements are taken for diagnosis. Mine currently measures 8mm. Solidly past the diagnosis criteria.
Headaches, often severe, are the classic symptom of Chiari malformation. They’re typically precipitated with sudden coughing, sneezing or straining. People with Chiari malformation also can experience:
- Neck pain (running down the shoulders at times)
- Unsteady gait (problems with balance)
- Poor hand coordination (fine motor skills)
- Numbness and tingling of the hands and feet
- Dizziness
- Difficulty swallowing (sometimes accompanied by gagging, choking and vomiting)
- Vision problems (blurred or double vision)
- Slurred speech
Less often, people with Chiari malformation may experience:
- Ringing or buzzing in the ears (tinnitus)
- Poor bladder control
- Chest pain, in a band-like pattern around the chest
- Curvature of the spine (scoliosis) related to spinal cord impairment
- Abnormal breathing — specifically, sleep apnea characterized by periods of breathing cessation during sleep.
Some people with Chiari malformation also develop a condition called syringomyelia, in which a cavity or cyst (syrinx) forms within the spinal column. Although the mechanism connecting Chiari malformation with syringomyelia is unclear, it may be associated with injury or displacement of nerve fibers in the spinal cord. When a cavity forms, it tends to be filled with fluid and can additionally impair the function of the spinal cord.
Chiari malformation is uncommon, but improved imaging tests have led to more frequent diagnoses. It affects about 1 in every 1,000 people.
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